Basic knowledge of sunglasses: the damage of ultraviolet rays to the cornea and conjunctiva

u003cbru003eIn addition to reducing the radiation intensity of visible light, sunglasses can also reduce ultraviolet and infrared radiation. Sunglasses are more fashionable. But the fundamental role of sunglasses is to provide radiation protection for the eyes. This article introduces the damage of ultraviolet rays to the cornea and conjunctiva, which is the basic knowledge of sunglasses. The amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching the surface is restricted by many factors, such as season, latitude, altitude, climate, sunshine time, and the reflectivity of the surrounding environment to ultraviolet radiation. Among them, the sun zenith angle, ozone concentration, cloud, and surface reflectance are important. The amount of ultraviolet radiation on the surface is not the same as that of the lens. Human activities such as personal habits, length of outdoor activities, occupation, etc. have obvious effects on the amount of ultraviolet radiation in the eyes, and other factors can also affect the amount of ultraviolet radiation in the eyes. The degree of tissue damage has a dose-dependent relationship, that is, the longer the irradiation time, the greater the dose, and the more serious the damage caused. The damage of the eye caused by ultraviolet radiation includes damage to the cornea, conjunctiva, orbicularis, lens, and related epithelium. Ultraviolet radiation damages the cornea and conjunctiva: Ultraviolet radiation in the conjunctiva and cornea can cause pterygium, conjunctival macula, photo keratitis, climatic drop-shaped keratopathy, banded keratopathy, etc. Ultraviolet keratitis, labrador keratopathy (snow blindness), and Red Sea keratopathy are all types of photo keratitis, which are mostly caused by damage to the center of the cornea caused by a large amount of ultraviolet reflection. The protruding eyebrow arches of human beings cooperate with the dark eyebrows to block the ultraviolet radiation from above. The towering bridge of the nose can block the ultraviolet radiation from the side of the nose. The protruding lower jaw and lips block the reflected ultraviolet radiation from below. Coupled with the sunken eye socket, only the temporal side of the ultraviolet radiation is less blocked. This may explain why the pterygium and palpebral fissure on the nasal side There are more spots than on the temporal side. Conjunctival degeneration such as pterygium is also related to ultraviolet radiation. The main causes of keratoconjunctival lesions exposed to ultraviolet light: symptoms include red eyes, sensitivity to light, tearing, feeling severe foreign body, pain, blepharospasm, etc. Radiation has a cumulative effect. The symptoms of minor damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation for a short period of time usually alleviate or subside within 48 hours. Long-term ultraviolet radiation can cause permanent damage to the cornea. In the next section, we will introduce the basic knowledge of sunglasses, the damage of ultraviolet rays to the lens.

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