Basic knowledge of sunglasses: the penetration characteristics of radiation in the eye tissue

u003cbru003eIn addition to reducing the radiation intensity of visible light, sunglasses can also reduce ultraviolet and infrared radiation. Polarized sunglasses can also be used to eliminate horizontal reflections on water, snow, and gravel roads. Sunglasses are now more fashionable. But the fundamental role of sunglasses is to provide radiation protection for the eyes. Let me introduce to you the penetration characteristics of the basic knowledge of sunglasses in the eye tissue. Environmental level microwaves and gamma (γ) rays can directly penetrate eye tissue. The anterior segment of the eye can absorb all short-wave ultraviolet (far ultraviolet) and long-wave infrared (far infrared), and long-wave ultraviolet (near ultraviolet) can be absorbed by the lens. Visible light and short-wave infrared (near infrared) radiation can reach the fundus retina. Infrared radiation around 800nm u200bu200bcan penetrate the cornea, aqueous humor and lens to reach the retina. These absorbed waveband radiation will affect the morphology and physiological functions of eye tissue. The ultraviolet rays that have photochemical biological effects on the human eyes are mainly UVA and UVB. Most of UVA is absorbed by the lens, and only a small amount of penetrable refractive medium reaches the retina; UVB is mainly absorbed by the cornea and lens, and radiation with a wavelength of 295nm-315nm can penetrate the cornea and lens to reach the retina. UVB has a high photochemical effect. Excessive radiation will cause erythema and irritation on the corneal surface within a few hours; if continuous excessive radiation is avoided in time, this effect will be short-lived and reversible. UVC is mostly blocked by the ozone layer, and generally does not cause harm to the human body. (1) The tear film and cornea can absorb almost 100% of UVC (u003c290nm), but as the wavelength increases, the penetration improves rapidly. For example, 320nm ultraviolet radiation has a 60% penetration rate of the cornea. It is generally believed that ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength greater than 300 nm can pass through the cornea of u200bu200bmost animal species. (2) The lens of normal young people can absorb most of the ultraviolet radiation below 370nm. With age, the color of the human lens gradually turns yellow and begins to absorb more UVA, even shorter wavelength visible light. In addition to the absorption characteristics of the atmosphere to ultraviolet radiation, the ultraviolet radiation absorbed by the lens is mainly in the range of 290nm-370nm , Namely UVA and UVB. (3) For adults, only less than 1% of 320nm-340nm and 2% of 360nm UVA can reach the retina, which also shows that the lens absorbs all UVB and most of the UVA reaching the lens.

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